{"id":9511,"date":"2017-10-05T16:28:58","date_gmt":"2017-10-05T14:28:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mioc.hr\/wp\/?p=9511"},"modified":"2024-01-28T19:04:05","modified_gmt":"2024-01-28T18:04:05","slug":"sinclair-zx81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mioc.hr\/wp\/?p=9511","title":{"rendered":"Sinclair ZX81"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sinclair ZX81 je <\/span>staro<\/span> ku\u0107no<\/span> ra\u010dunalo<\/span> koje<\/span> je <\/span>proizve<\/span>la<\/span> engleska<\/span> tvrtka<\/span> Sinclair Research<\/span> od <\/span>strane<\/span> tvrtke<\/span> Timex Corporation<\/span>. <\/span>Pojavi<\/span>l<\/span>o<\/span> se <\/span>na<\/span> tr\u017ei\u0161tu<\/span> Ujedin<\/span>jenog<\/span> Kraljevstva<\/span> u <\/span>o\u017eujku<\/span> 1981. <\/span>Ima<\/span>l<\/span>o<\/span> je <\/span>ulogu<\/span> nasljednik<\/span>a<\/span> Sinclaira<\/span> ZX80<\/span> zami\u0161ljen<\/span>o<\/span> kao<\/span> jeftin<\/span> uvod<\/span> u <\/span>ku\u0107no<\/span> kori\u0161tenje<\/span> ra\u010dunala<\/span> za <\/span>\u0161iroku<\/span> javnost<\/span>. <\/span>Bilo<\/span> je <\/span>to <\/span>prvo<\/span> ra\u010dunalo<\/span> \u010dija<\/span> je <\/span>cijena<\/span> bila<\/span> ispod<\/span> 10<\/span>0 USD.<\/span> Bilo<\/span> je <\/span>izuzetno<\/span> uspje\u0161no<\/span> i<\/span> prodano<\/span> je <\/span>vi\u0161<\/span>e<\/span> od 1.5 <\/span>milijuna<\/span> jedinica<\/span> prije<\/span> prestanka<\/span> prodaje<\/span>.<\/span> Timex <\/span>je <\/span>proizveo<\/span> i<\/span> vlastite<\/span> verzije<\/span> ZX81 za <\/span>ameri\u010dko<\/span> tr\u017ei\u0161te<\/span>: <\/span>\u201c<\/span>Timex Sinclair 1000<\/span>\u201d<\/span> i<\/span> \u201c<\/span>Timex <\/span>Sincla<\/span>ir 1500\u201d<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

ZX81 <\/span>dizajniran<\/span>o<\/span> je <\/span>tako<\/span> da <\/span>bude<\/span> mal<\/span>o<\/span>, <\/span>jednostav<\/span>no<\/span> i<\/span> nadasve<\/span> jeftin<\/span>o<\/span>, <\/span>koriste\u0107i<\/span> \u0161to<\/span> je <\/span>mogu\u0107e<\/span> manje<\/span> komponenti<\/span>, <\/span>kako<\/span> bi <\/span>smanji<\/span>l<\/span>o<\/span> tro\u0161kove<\/span>. Video <\/span>izlaz<\/span> je bio <\/span>na<\/span> televizoru<\/span>, a <\/span>ne<\/span> na<\/span> posebnom<\/span> monitoru<\/span>. <\/span>Slika je <\/span>bila<\/span> crno-bijela<\/span>, <\/span>zvuka<\/span> nije<\/span> bilo<\/span>, a <\/span>programi<\/span> su<\/span> se <\/span>u\u010ditavali<\/span> i<\/span> podaci<\/span> spremali<\/span> na<\/span> kompaktne<\/span> audiokazete<\/span>. <\/span>Stroj<\/span> nije<\/span> imao<\/span> prekida\u010d<\/span> za <\/span>napajanje<\/span> niti<\/span> bilo<\/span> kakve<\/span> pokretne<\/span> dijelove<\/span>, s <\/span>izuzetkom<\/span> VHF <\/span>selektivnog<\/span> prekida\u010da<\/span> TV <\/span>kanala<\/span> koji<\/span> je <\/span>prisutan<\/span> na<\/span> ranim<\/span> modelima<\/span> “ZX81 USA” <\/span>i<\/span> \u201c<\/span>Timex Sinclair 1000<\/span>\u201d<\/span>.<\/span> Z<\/span>a <\/span>ru\u010dni<\/span> unos<\/span> koristio<\/span> je <\/span>membransku<\/span> tipkovnicu<\/span> osjetljivu<\/span> na<\/span> pritisak<\/span>.<\/span> ZX81 <\/span>ima<\/span> baznu<\/span> konfiguraciju<\/span> 1 KB <\/span>ugra\u0111ene<\/span> memorije<\/span> koja<\/span> se <\/span>slu\u017ebeno<\/span> mo\u017ee<\/span> pro\u0161iriti na 16 KB. <\/span>Njegova<\/span> jednostruka<\/span> plo\u010dica<\/span> smje\u0161tena<\/span> je <\/span>unutar<\/span> plasti\u010dnog<\/span> ku\u0107i\u0161ta<\/span> u <\/span>obliku<\/span> klina<\/span> veli\u010dine<\/span> 167 <\/span>milimetara<\/span>, <\/span>visokog<\/span> 40 <\/span>milimetara<\/span>. Memoriju <\/span>osiguravaju<\/span> ili<\/span> jedan<\/span> 4118 <\/span>ili<\/span> dva<\/span> 2114 RAM <\/span>\u010dipa<\/span>. Postoje <\/span>samo<\/span> tri <\/span>ostala<\/span> ugra\u0111ena<\/span> \u010dipa<\/span>: 3,5-MHz Z80A 8-bitni <\/span>mikroprocesor<\/span> iz<\/span> NEC-a, <\/span>nepokretni<\/span> logi\u010dki<\/span> niz<\/span> (ULA) od <\/span>Ferrantija<\/span> i<\/span> 8 KB ROM <\/span>koji<\/span> pru\u017ea<\/span> jednostavan<\/span> BASIC interpreter. Cijeli <\/span>stroj<\/span> te\u017ei<\/span> samo<\/span> 350 <\/span>gram<\/span>a<\/span>.<\/span> Prednji <\/span>dio<\/span> ku\u0107i\u0161ta<\/span> zauzima<\/span> integrirana<\/span> tipkovnica<\/span> s 40 <\/span>tipki<\/span> s 20 <\/span>grafi\u010dkih<\/span> i<\/span> 54 <\/span>obrnuta<\/span> video <\/span>znaka<\/span>.<\/span> Svaka <\/span>tipka<\/span> ima<\/span> do pet <\/span>funkcija<\/span> kojima<\/span> se <\/span>pristupa<\/span> putem<\/span> tipki<\/span> SHIFT <\/span>i<\/span> FUNCTION <\/span>ili<\/span> ovisno<\/span> o <\/span>kontekstu<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Sinclair <\/span>ZX81 <\/span>bilo<\/span> je <\/span>i<\/span> prvo<\/span> popularno<\/span> ra\u010dunalo<\/span> koje<\/span> se <\/span>pojavilo<\/span> u <\/span>Hrvatskoj<\/span> i<\/span> po\u010delo<\/span> ulaziti<\/span> u <\/span>domove<\/span> tada\u0161njih<\/span> gimanzijalaca<\/span>, <\/span>hobista<\/span>, <\/span>in\u017eenjera<\/span> i<\/span> drugih<\/span> entuzijasta<\/span>.<\/span> Iako<\/span> je u <\/span>osnovnoj<\/span> ina\u010dici<\/span> stig<\/span>l<\/span>o<\/span> samo<\/span> s 1 <\/span>K<\/span>B <\/span>radne<\/span> memorije<\/span>, <\/span>zadivljuju\u0107e<\/span> je <\/span>ka<\/span>k<\/span>o<\/span> se <\/span>veliki<\/span> broj<\/span> igara<\/span> pojavio<\/span> za <\/span>tako<\/span> skromnu<\/span> memor<\/span>iju<\/span> (<\/span>\u201c<\/span>Space <\/span>Invanders<\/span>\u201d<\/span>, <\/span>\u201c<\/span>Scramble<\/span>\u201d<\/span>…<\/span>)<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Video<\/span>zapis<\/span> igre<\/span> \u201cSpace <\/span>Invanders<\/span>\u201d <\/span>na<\/span> Sinclair ZX81 <\/span>ra\u010dunalu<\/span>: <\/span>https:\/\/youtu.be\/hZ_CwkGkMxc<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pravi<\/span> procvat<\/span> programiranje<\/span> i<\/span> igranje<\/span> do\u017eivjelo<\/span> je <\/span>upotrebom<\/span> memorijskog<\/span> pro\u0161irenja<\/span> od<\/span> 16K<\/span>B<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span> Poznate<\/span> igre<\/span> bile <\/span>su<\/span> \u201cFlight <\/span>Simulato<\/span>n<\/span>\u201d, <\/span>labirintske<\/span> igre<\/span> te<\/span> igre<\/span> avantura<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Snim<\/span>ka<\/span> zaslona<\/span> igre<\/span> \u201cFlight Simulation\u201d <\/span>na<\/span> Sinclair ZX81 <\/span>ra\u010dunalu<\/span>:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Izvori<\/span>:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ZX81<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Psion_Flight_Simulation_on_ZX81.png<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/oldcomputers.net\/zx81.html<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/povijest.hr\/nadanasnjidan\/legendarno-racunalo-zx81-1981\/<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Napisala: Gabriela Perkovi\u0107, 1.e<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"